Land Degradation and Landslide in Indonesia

Land degradation is one of the causes of lack of success of agricultural activities in Indonesia because of a decline in land productivity continuously and ultimately reduce the level of income / welfare of farmers. Land degradation can occur either on dry land or in wetlands, so prevention and / or rehabilitation of degraded land is very important that the agricultural area can be used on an ongoing basis. Land degradation is the loss or reduction of utility or potential use of land, loss of or changes in land features that are not hindered replaced. According to FAO (1993), soil degradation is a process that describes the phenomenon which lower the capacity of soil to support life. Land degradation is a process of decline of soil productivity, temporary or permanent, so that eventually the land can lead to a certain critical level (Dent, 1993). The process includes various forms of land degradation levels

Mapping of Spatial Distribution and Spatial Autocorrelation Patterns of Poverty in All Regencies/Cities in Indonesia

Abstract Poverty alleviation programs in Indonesia are the same and uniform in all regions. Of course this ignores the characteristics and causes of poverty that vary in each region. The uniformity of poverty alleviation programs affects the slow pace of decline in the poor population. Spatial influence on poverty can be identified by spatial autocorrelation; there is a relationship of poverty in one region with other regions that are closed together. This study was aimed to analyzing poverty spatial distribution in all regencies/cities in Indonesia; analyzing the spatial distribution patterns of poverty in all regencies/cities in Indonesia; and knowing local spatial autocorrelation of poverty in all regencies/cities in Indonesia. The research methods used are Moran Index analysis, Moran’s scatterplot analysis, and Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) analysis. The analysis results show that the highest average of poor population percentage was in Papua and the lowest one was in Kalimantan. The results of analysis of Moran Index showed that the spatial distribution pattern of poverty in regencies/cities in Indonesia was clustered, it was called by poverty pocket. Pockets of poverty that occured do not correspond to government administrative boundaries, therefore poverty alleviation needs an integrative approach.  In addition, this study also results that not all regencies/cities have significant spatial autocorrelation. This means that not all poverty conditions in a regencies/cities have a relationship with other regencies/cities. The fact that there are heterogeneity of poverty characteristics like this shows that poverty alleviation programs must vary in each regency/city.   Keywords: City, LISA, Moran, Povety, Regency, Spatial          &nbsp

Identifikasi Spasial Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Permukiman Kumuh di Kota Bekasi

Bekasi City is buffer city for Jakarta City which have high attraction for people to urbanize. It have consequences of the emergence of many urban areas issues such as slum area. The slums handling by the government has been running intensively since 2016. Objectives of the study were 1) Analyze of spatial distribution patterns in slum area in Bekasi City 2) Analyze of key factors which affects slum area in Bekasi City. Data were analyzed using spatial analysis, i.e Moran Index analysis, spatial mean center analysis, spatial standart deviation analysis, multiple linear regression and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The result of the analysis showed that the spatial pattern of slum areas in Bekasi City in 2016 and 2018 has changed. The Morans Index analysis in 2016 showed that the spatial pattern of the slum distributuon was clustered pattern, whereas in 2018 was random pattern. The spatial mean center and standart deviation ellips analysis showed that the slums moving towards southern of Bekasi City. The influenced factor of slum in 2016 was the number of low income people. Meanwhile in 2018, it were the number of of slums in each district, the percentage of poor children who does not attending school, the value of district development index, the number of low income people and the percentage of residential buildings that does not own building permit. The GWR results showed the five factors above have different effects on each location. Based on the result of the study showed that the slums is not only influenced by the physical factors but alson non physical factors caused the percentage of slum families increasing in Bekasi City

Pengembangan Komoditas Manggis di Kabupaten Bogor berbasis Potensi Produksi, Ketersediaan dan Kesesuaian Lahan

Bogor Regency is one of the largest production areas of mangosteen in West Java. However, its mangosteen production fluctuated and tended to decline from 2016 to 2020 because of productive plant reduction. Meanwhile, this regency has a large area of non-productive land. The arrangement and development of new farms are required based on the potential of the existing ground. This study aimed to identify potential areas for mangosteen development based on harvesting area, production value, land availability, and suitability requirements. This research used the LQ, DLQ, Z-score, and geographic information system analysis using ArcGIS 10.8 based on overlay and limiting factors. Ranking regions are determined by the TOPSIS method. The results of the LQ-DLQ analysis explained that eight districts with superior and prospective categories existed. The results of the Z-score analysis show that the Klapanunggal and Babakan Madang sub-districts have lower productivity. At the same time, the types of land used for mangosteen are primarily dry land agriculture and production forests. Land suitability for mangosteen consists of land class S2 (quite suitable) with an area of 6,056.9 ha and class S3 (suitable marginal) with an area of 54,925 ha. The priority areas for developing mangosteen exports are Cigudeg, Leuwisadeng, Leuwiliang, Jasinga, Sukamakmur, Nanggung, Klapanunggal, and Babakan Madang. The western part of Bogor has more significant potential than the eastern one

Sebaran Dan Keragaman Spasial Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kemiskinan Di Kabupaten Tegal (Distribusi Dan Faktor Penyebab Kemiskinan Di Kabupaten Tegal)

Poverty is one of the crucial social problems in Tegal Regency, Central Java Province. Specific solutions are needed in a particular area to effectively combat poverty. The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial distribution and pattern of poverty in Tegal Regency using Spatial Autocorrelation analysis (Moran’s Global Index & Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation/LISA) and to determine the spatial diversity of factors that influence poverty in Tegal Regency using Geographically Weighted Regression analysis. The research results show the clustered spatial distribution and pattern of poverty in Tegal Regency, and there are various specific influences from each factor that affects poverty in each village/subdistrict in Tegal Regency. Keywords: Spatial Autocorrelations, Global Moran Index, LIS

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Urban Sprawl di Kawasan Cekungan Bandung

Bandung Metropolitan Area is the second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. Bandung Metropolitan Area also represents the type of metropolitan in Asia which has massive urbanization characteristic that caused by increasing economic growth. This research aims to analyze the spatial diversity of the factors influencing urban sprawl in Bandung Metropolitan Area. The data used in this study were secondary data consisting of Landsat satellite imagery and facilities data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in the year of 2003 and 2014. The methodology used in this study was Geograpically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis. The results showed that each variables has a different influence on each locations. Population density variable has a positive effect on the percentage of built up area. Whereas the variable of distance to Bandung City, the percentage of paddy field area, the percentage of forest area, and the distance to the toll road has a negative effect on the percentage of built up area. While the effect of the District Development Index variable toward the percentage of built up area varies in each research location

Analisis Urban Sprawl sebagai Rekomendasi Pengendalian Pemanfaatan Ruang untuk Pengembangan Lahan Pertanian di Kabupaten Karawang: Urban Sprawl Analysis as a Recommendation of Spatial Utilization Control for Agricultural Land Development in Karawang Regency

The increasing conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land is the central issue in Karawang Regency. It is caused by the increasing population, urbanization, industrialization, urban expansion, and its position in the Jakarta Bandung Mega Urban Region (JBMUR) corridor. The increasing need for space in urban areas encourages the development to the city’s outskirts (urban sprawl). Urban sprawl is the biggest challenge in Karawang Regency’s spatial planning. The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial pattern of urban sprawl conditions formed from 2009 until 2018 and projecting urban sprawl in 2018 until 2031 as a recommendation for controlling space use for agricultural land development. The method used is urban sprawl analysis with related research, Moran index autocorrelation analysis and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA), analysis of land use alignment and spatial patterns of spatial plan, and overlays. The results of this study indicate that the spatial distribution of urban sprawl occurs along the Cikampek, Telukjambe Barat, Telukjambe Timur, Pangkalan, and Tegalwaru toll roads. The urban sprawl that occurred in 2009 until 2018 has the type of leapfrog development. There was a change to the kind of urban sprawl to kind of ribbon development and an increase in the urban sprawl of 67.14 km2 in the projected urban sprawl in 2018 until 2031. Land use with conformity is much broader than land use that is not aligned with spatial planning. Therefore, first priority recommendation for agricultural land development still dominates in Karawang Regency

Pola Sebaran Permukiman Kumuh di Kabupaten Tangerang dan Keragaman Spasial Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya: Distribution Pattern of Slums in Tangerang Regency and Spatial Diversity Factors that Affect

Rapid development and high population density are among the factors that cause slum settlements Tangerang Regency. Factors that cause slum settlements in Tangerang Regency have not been identified specifically and the handling of slum settlements are still seen to be uniform between regions. The purpose of this research is to identify the pattern of distribution of slum settlements in Tangerang Regency and the spatial diversity of factors that influence it. Methods used to identify the distribution pattern of slums are Moran's Index, Moran's Scatterplot, and Local Indicator Spatial Autocorrelation. Meanwhile, to understand the spatial diversity of the factors that affect slum settlements, multiple regression analysis was performed using forward stepwise regression, followed by Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis. Results shows that the pattern of spatial distribution of slum settlements in 2016 and 2018 was concentrated in the northern and southern areas of Tangerang Regency. The distribution pattern of slums shows a centered movement towards the district border with the surrounding areas, namely DKI Jakarta, Tangerang City, and South Tangerang City. The relationship between the Village Development Index and the Land Value Zone has a fairly weak positive correlation, the relationship between the Kelurahan Development Index and the percentage of slum area does not have a significant correlation, while the Land Value Zone with the percentage of slum area has a weak positive correlation. Slum settlements in Tangerang Regency are influenced by physical and non-physical factors including the number of slum location points, the percentage of residential buildings that do not have a building permit, and the percentage of areas affected by inundation. The results of the GWR analysis show that each factor that has a significant influence on slum settlements in Tangerang Regency has a different influence locally in each observed area

Controlling the Urban Physical Development in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies using Quantitative Zoning Approach

Jakarta and Bandung metropolitan areas in Indonesia are experiencing urban expansion, which makes these two metropolitan areas increasingly connected by corridors to become one mega-urban. Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies are part of the Jakarta-Bandung corridor area which then triggers the urban physical development. This study aims to 1) Determine the level of service facilities in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies; 2) Identify the changes in built-up and paddy fields Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) of Karawang and Purwakarta Regency based on existing and future conditions, and 3) Propose recommendations to control the urban physical development in Karawang and Purwakarta Regency. Analysis of level service facilities was carried out by using the scalogram method. Changes of built-up and paddy fields LULC in the existing and future conditions (projected using the CA-Markov method) are based on LULC of 2005, 2010 and 2018. Recommendations are given based on the grouping of villages with the same characteristics using the quantitative zoning method. Results showed the village development index in 2018 as the level of service facilities indicators, has a high or more developed value in the area around the connecting accessibility route between Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung metropolitan area. Changes in built-up and paddy fields LULC also the same trend as the village development index that is characterized by a fairly large increase in the area of built-up LULC in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies. Recommendations are given to address specific problems that exist in each village group formed based on the spatial clustering method result

Physical Geographical Factors Leading to the Disparity of Regional Development: The Case Study of Java Island

The complexity of regional disparity has encouraged viewing this issue from various perspectives, one of which is the role of physical geography in disparity. On Java Island, an observation on the role of geographical aspect is needed due to the spatial sturdiness of disparity. This study aims to provide quantitative proof that differences in the physical geography of Java’s regions account for the persistent regional disparity. We applied two approaches namely correlation and typology, employing data of physical geographical attributes and development level. The methods used were correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and one-way ANOVA. Based on the correlation approach, we found the association of regional development level with terrain ruggedness, soil parent materials, sea depth, elevation, and precipitation. Then, based on endowment-based typology approach, Java’s regions could be grouped into lowland, volcanic, old volcanic, and calcareous dry regions. The two latter performed poorly in all socio-economic indicators examined